Galatians 4

From Slave to Son (4:1-7)

1What I am saying is that as long as the heir is a child, he is no different from a slave, although he owns the whole estate. 2He is subject to guardians and trustees until the time set by his father. 3So also, when we were children, we were in slavery under the basic principles of the world.

How is a child similar to a slave?
How is a child different than a slave?
How were they similar to the slave/child snenario?
When were ‘we’ children?
How were we in slavery to the basic principles of the world?

4But when the time had fully come, God sent his Son, born of a woman, born under law, 5to redeem those under law, that we might receive the full rights of sons.

Why was the 1st century the right time for God to send His Son?
What did His Son come to accomplish?
What are our full rights as God’s children?

6Because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, the Spirit who calls out, "Abba, Father." 7So you are no longer a slave, but a son; and since you are a son, God has made you also an heir.

What did God send because they were sons?
What 3 stages did Paul describe?
Who enters our life after we’ve been made sons?
Do we go through these 3 stages?
What stage are you in now?

The Lure of Legalism (4:8-20)

8Formerly, when you did not know God, you were slaves to those who by nature are not gods. 9But now that you know God—or rather are known by God—how is it that you are turning back to those weak and miserable principles? Do you wish to be enslaved by them all over again? 10You are observing special days and months and seasons and years! 11I fear for you, that somehow I have wasted my efforts on you.

Who/what had the Galatians been slaves to?
Who made first contact? God or man?
What were the miserable principles of their past?
What were these special days/months/seasons/years?
Who/what were you a slave to?
How did God pursue you?
What are some miserable principles in our society?

12I plead with you, brothers, become like me, for I became like you. You have done me no wrong. 13As you know, it was because of an illness that I first preached the gospel to you. 14Even though my illness was a trial to you, you did not treat me with contempt or scorn. Instead, you welcomed me as if I were an angel of God, as if I were Christ Jesus himself. 15What has happened to all your joy? I can testify that, if you could have done so, you would have torn out your eyes and given them to me. 16Have I now become your enemy by telling you the truth?

Did Paul consider them brothers?
What memory does Paul refer to?
What do you think Paul’s tone is in this passage?
Why do you think Paul refers to their first meeting?
How should we approach stumbling brothers/sisters?

17Those people are zealous to win you over, but for no good. What they want is to alienate you from us, so that you may be zealous for them. 18It is fine to be zealous, provided the purpose is good, and to be so always and not just when I am with you. 19My dear children, for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth until Christ is formed in you, 20how I wish I could be with you now and change my tone, because I am perplexed about you!

Were ‘those people’ passionate?
What did ‘those people’ want?
When is it fine to be zealous?
How long should we be zealous for good?
How passionate was Paul for the Galatians?
Are false teachers passionate today?
What do false teachers want today?
What are you passionate about?
How do we maintain passion?
How passionate are you for brothers & sisters in Christ.

Old Testament Figures (4:21-31)

21Tell me, you who want to be under the law, are you not aware of what the law says? 22For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman and the other by the free woman. 23His son by the slave woman was born in the ordinary way; but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a promise. 24These things may be taken figuratively, for the women represent two covenants.

BACKGROUND
Genesis 12:7
Genesis 15:1-6
Genesis 16:1-15
Genesis 17:15-22
Genesis 18:10-15
Genesis 21:1-10

One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar. 25Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children. 26But the Jerusalem that is above is free, and she is our mother. 27For it is written: "Be glad, O barren woman, who bears no children; break forth and cry aloud, you who have no labor pains; because more are the children of the desolate woman than of her who has a husband."

What covenant does Hagar represent?
What city corresponded with Hagar?
What covenant does Sarah represent?
What city corresponds with Sarah?

28Now you, brothers, like Isaac, are children of promise. 29At that time the son born in the ordinary way persecuted the son born by the power of the Spirit. It is the same now. 30But what does the Scripture say? "Get rid of the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman's son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman's son." 31Therefore, brothers, we are not children of the slave woman, but of the free woman.

With whom does Paul compare the Galatians?
Who was persecuted in Abraham’s day?
Who was being persecuted in Paul’s day?
Who was not going to share in the inheritance?