Sabbath
Holy Daze: Confronting the Confusion of Sacred & Secular Festivals & Feasts
Part 1: The Jewish Sabbath
What did the 4th Commandment Entail?
1. It was a command to keep Saturday separate (Exodus 20:8)
2. It was a sign of God’s covenant with Israel (Ex. 20:18-20)
3. It was a day to abstain from all work & money (Ex. 20:9-11)
4. It was a day to assemble together for worship (Leviticus 23:3)
5. It was a day of special ritual & animal sacrifices (Lev. 24:8, Numbers 28:9-10)
6. The penalty for disobedience was death (Ex. 31:14-17)
7. At times, it became an empty shell (Amos 8:4-5 --> Hosea 2:11)
What did Jesus Teach about the Sabbath?
1. Jesus did not give a direct affirmation regarding Sabbath observance (unlike other 9 Commandments)
2. Jesus consistently brought the issue to the table (Mark 3:1-6, Matthew 12:9-14)
3. Jesus allowed His disciples to break the Sabbath (Matt 12:1-8)
4. Jesus argued that it was sometimes common sense to break the Sabbath (Matt 12:11-12)
5. Jesus implied that the Sabbath was a ceremonial law, not a moral law (Matt 12:3-8, John 7:21-24)
6. Jesus argued that God prefers morality over ritual (Matt 12:7)
7. Jesus seems to have broken the Sabbath to do good works (John 5:18)
How did the early church interpret Jesus’ teachings?
1. They came to the conclusion that Christians were not under Old Testament Law and, especially, Gentiles should not be burdened by it (Acts 15:1-21)
2. Paul knew that many Jewish Christians would continue to observe the Sabbath Law, but seems to imply that such is the ‘weaker’ position (Romans 14:1-2, 5-6)
3. Paul knew that many Gentile Christians would see no need for observing the Sabbath Law, and implies that such is the ‘stronger’ position (Rom. 14:1-2, 5-6)
4. Paul teaches that each believer should be led by the Lord on this issue and that no Christian should judge another on this matter. Instead, we should show respect toward various practices. (Rom. 14:22-23)
5. Paul teaches that the Sabbath was merely a ceremonial shadow that was fulfilled in Jesus Christ (Colossians 2:16-17)
6. The author of Hebrews teaches that the fulfillment of the shadow is the peace we experience in Jesus Christ (Hebrews 4:1-11)
7. The 1st & 2nd generation of Christians believed we now experience a perpetual Sabbath. Early Christians met daily, but met specially on Sunday’s to celebrate the day of the resurrection
Part 1: The Jewish Sabbath
What did the 4th Commandment Entail?
1. It was a command to keep Saturday separate (Exodus 20:8)
2. It was a sign of God’s covenant with Israel (Ex. 20:18-20)
3. It was a day to abstain from all work & money (Ex. 20:9-11)
4. It was a day to assemble together for worship (Leviticus 23:3)
5. It was a day of special ritual & animal sacrifices (Lev. 24:8, Numbers 28:9-10)
6. The penalty for disobedience was death (Ex. 31:14-17)
7. At times, it became an empty shell (Amos 8:4-5 --> Hosea 2:11)
What did Jesus Teach about the Sabbath?
1. Jesus did not give a direct affirmation regarding Sabbath observance (unlike other 9 Commandments)
2. Jesus consistently brought the issue to the table (Mark 3:1-6, Matthew 12:9-14)
3. Jesus allowed His disciples to break the Sabbath (Matt 12:1-8)
4. Jesus argued that it was sometimes common sense to break the Sabbath (Matt 12:11-12)
5. Jesus implied that the Sabbath was a ceremonial law, not a moral law (Matt 12:3-8, John 7:21-24)
6. Jesus argued that God prefers morality over ritual (Matt 12:7)
7. Jesus seems to have broken the Sabbath to do good works (John 5:18)
How did the early church interpret Jesus’ teachings?
1. They came to the conclusion that Christians were not under Old Testament Law and, especially, Gentiles should not be burdened by it (Acts 15:1-21)
2. Paul knew that many Jewish Christians would continue to observe the Sabbath Law, but seems to imply that such is the ‘weaker’ position (Romans 14:1-2, 5-6)
3. Paul knew that many Gentile Christians would see no need for observing the Sabbath Law, and implies that such is the ‘stronger’ position (Rom. 14:1-2, 5-6)
4. Paul teaches that each believer should be led by the Lord on this issue and that no Christian should judge another on this matter. Instead, we should show respect toward various practices. (Rom. 14:22-23)
5. Paul teaches that the Sabbath was merely a ceremonial shadow that was fulfilled in Jesus Christ (Colossians 2:16-17)
6. The author of Hebrews teaches that the fulfillment of the shadow is the peace we experience in Jesus Christ (Hebrews 4:1-11)
7. The 1st & 2nd generation of Christians believed we now experience a perpetual Sabbath. Early Christians met daily, but met specially on Sunday’s to celebrate the day of the resurrection
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